China and ASEAN took steps to widen trade under a new protocol. The arrangement aims to boost commerce between China and the 10-member bloc. In a cautious climate, analysts flagged risks over growing Chinese investment, highlighting risks in deeper ties. In Australia, CPA Australia attended a Shenzhen economic exchange ahead of APEC. Singapore-based legal firm Wotton Kearney established a marine disputes team. Vietnam announced a cooperation agreement for its trade showcase.

Earlier commentary contended that mainstream international trade theory fails to account for development. That view highlights gaps in the way trade gains are assessed across economies.